Secure IoT Communications with Optimized AES and Dynamic Threat Modeling on Embedded System
Published in , 2025
This paper presents a hardware cryptographic solution that leverages an InvenSense 6-axis Motion Processing Unit (MPU6050) sensor and an ESP32 microcontroller to address the need for secure and efficient communication in resource-constrained Internet of Things (IoT) devices, we introduce a hardware-conscious, lightweight AES-128 with a two-phase (4-bit) S-box and simplified MixColumns over GF(28), integrated with Elliptic Curve Diffie–Hellman (ECDH) for forward-secret key establishment, and a dynamic threat-modeling algorithm that quantifies risk and triggers targeted mitigations. A reconfigurable architecture physically separates block-cipher and hash paths, enabling concurrent operations needed by protocols such as TLS/IPsec. On ESP32, our device reduces encryption time by up to 42.4% co
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